Understanding what does Vietnam export provides a clear window into one of the world’s most dynamic and rapidly evolving economies. Long gone are the days when Vietnam was known primarily for agricultural goods. Today, the nation stands as a global manufacturing powerhouse, a critical node in the high-tech supply chain, and a testament to the power of strategic foreign investment and favorable trade policies. For international buyers, investors, and supply chain professionals, knowing Vietnam’s key export strengths is essential for making informed sourcing decisions. This article provides a definitive, data-driven breakdown of Vietnam’s top 10 export categories, based on the latest full-year statistics from 2024, revealing the powerful engines behind the country’s economic success.
Understanding Vietnam’s Export Economy in 2025
Before diving into the specific products, it’s important to grasp the scale of Vietnam’s export engine. In 2024, Vietnam’s total export turnover reached an impressive figure, continuing its trend of strong growth. This success is not accidental. It is primarily driven by two factors: a massive influx of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from global giants who have established state-of-the-art factories, and a network of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) like the EVFTA and CPTPP, which grant Vietnamese goods preferential access to major global markets. The result is a diverse and high-value export portfolio.
Overview of Vietnam’s Trade
Vietnam has made significant strides in international trade, benefiting from its strategic location and strong manufacturing base. Key export markets like the United States and China play a crucial role in its economic growth. A positive trade balance has been maintained, reflecting the country’s vibrant economy.
Key Trade Statistics
Vietnam’s export activities have been robust, with total exports reaching approximately $371 billion. The country also records imports of around $359 billion, resulting in a positive trade balance of over $12 billion. The low tariffs, averaging 1.07% for effectively applied tariffs, encourage international trade. Additionally, the trade growth rate stands at 5.66%, indicating a dynamic market. These statistics underscore Vietnam’s role as a key player in the global economy.
Primary Export Markets
Vietnam exports extensively to countries like the United States, China, Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong. The United States is Vietnam’s largest export market, benefiting from strong trade ties. China also plays a significant role as a trade partner, contributing to the export demand. Major exported items include electronics, textiles, and agricultural products. These markets contribute significantly to the economy and offer opportunities for further trade expansion.
Impact on GDP
Trade is a major contributor to Vietnam’s GDP, with exports and imports heavily influencing economic growth. The country’s GDP per capita was $4,086 in 2022, reflecting improvements due to trade activities. Foreign investment, especially from the United States, boosts economic development. The impact of trade on GDP highlights Vietnam’s integration into the global market, making it a hub for manufacturing and exports.
Trade Balance and History
Vietnam consistently maintains a positive trade balance, as illustrated by the recent surplus. The country’s historical trade performance shows growth from an export-led economic model since the 1990s. Over the decades, Vietnam has shifted from primarily agriculture-based exports to a diversified portfolio that includes electronics and machinery. This historical evolution has cemented Vietnam’s status as a key trading nation.
For businesses looking to explore opportunities in Vietnam, connect with VALO’s expert team to find qualified and export-ready suppliers in the region.
What Does Vietnam Export? The Top 10 Categories by Value
Here are the leading product categories that define Vietnam’s export landscape, ranked by their 2024 export value.
1. Electronics, Computers, and Components
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $120 – $135 Billion
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Key Products: Smartphones and components, computers, tablets, printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs), and camera modules.
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Primary Markets: United States, China, European Union, South Korea, Hong Kong.
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Expert Analysis: This is, by a huge margin, Vietnam’s most valuable export category, transforming the nation into a high-tech hub. The sector is overwhelmingly dominated by FDI giants. Samsung alone produces over half of its global smartphone supply in Vietnam, making the country a lynchpin in the mobile device market. The presence of the entire Apple supply chain—including Foxconn, Luxshare, and Goertek—producing everything from AirPods to MacBooks, further cements this position. Intel’s massive semiconductor assembly and test facility in Ho Chi Minh City highlights the country’s growing capabilities in more complex, high-value segments of the electronics supply chain.
2. Textiles and Garments
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $40 – $44 Billion
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Key Products: Ready-made garments (shirts, trousers, jackets), activewear, formalwear, and specialized textiles.
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Primary Markets: United States, European Union, Japan, South Korea.
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Expert Analysis: A traditional pillar of the Vietnamese economy, the textile and garment industry remains a powerhouse. Vietnam is a global leader in this sector, trusted by major international brands like Nike, Adidas, Zara, and Uniqlo. The country’s key advantages are its highly skilled, meticulous workforce and its ability to handle complex orders. The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) has been a significant catalyst, providing tariff-free access to the lucrative European market and driving a shift towards higher-quality, sustainable manufacturing practices to meet EU standards.
3. Footwear and Leather Goods
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $22 – $25 Billion
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Key Products: Athletic footwear, leather shoes, sandals, and shoe components.
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Primary Markets: United States, European Union, China.
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Expert Analysis: Vietnam is one of the world’s largest exporters of footwear. The industry is dominated by major brands like Nike and Adidas, who have made Vietnam a core part of their global production strategy for decades. The factories are known for their efficiency, large-scale production capabilities, and consistent quality, making the country a go-to destination for high-volume footwear contracts.
4. Machinery, Equipment, and Tools
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $45 – $50 Billion
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Key Products: Electrical motors, machine parts, industrial equipment, power tools, and home appliances.
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Primary Markets: United States, European Union, Japan, China.
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Expert Analysis: This category showcases Vietnam’s steady climb up the industrial value chain. It has moved beyond simple assembly to producing more complex machinery and components. This growth is synergistic with the electronics sector, as many factories producing consumer electronics also manufacture the machinery and parts needed for production lines. The skill set of the Vietnamese workforce has proven highly adaptable to these more mechanically complex products.
5. Wood and Wooden Products (Furniture)
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $15 – $17 Billion
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Key Products: Indoor and outdoor furniture (wooden tables, chairs, cabinets), wood pellets, and flooring.
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Primary Markets: United States, China, Japan, European Union.
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Expert Analysis: Vietnam has become a world-leading furniture exporter, especially to the US market. The industry benefits from a combination of skilled woodworkers and access to both domestic and imported raw materials. Vietnamese manufacturers are known for their ability to produce a wide range of styles, from affordable flat-pack furniture to high-end, custom-designed pieces. A growing focus on certified, sustainably sourced timber (like FSC) is helping to secure its position in environmentally-conscious markets.
6. Fishery and Seafood Products
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $10 – $11 Billion
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Key Products: Shrimp (black tiger and white-leg), pangasius (catfish), tuna, and squid.
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Primary Markets: United States, Japan, China, European Union.
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Expert Analysis: With its long coastline and extensive river systems, Vietnam has natural advantages in aquaculture and fishing. It is a world leader in the export of farmed shrimp and pangasius. The industry has invested heavily in modern processing facilities that adhere to strict international food safety standards (like HACCP and BRC), allowing it to supply demanding markets across the globe.
7. Vehicles and Spare Parts
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $12 – $14 Billion
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Key Products: Automotive wiring harnesses, vehicle components, and increasingly, fully assembled automobiles from brands like VinFast.
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Primary Markets: Japan, United States, European Union.
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Expert Analysis: This is a rapidly growing and often overlooked export category. While Japan remains the largest market, primarily for components like wiring harnesses, the rise of VinFast, Vietnam’s domestic automaker, is creating a new export opportunity for fully assembled electric vehicles, particularly in North America and Europe.
8. Coffee
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $4.5 – $5.5 Billion
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Key Products: Green Robusta coffee beans, roasted coffee, and instant coffee.
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Primary Markets: European Union (especially Germany and Italy), United States, Japan.
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Expert Analysis: Vietnam is the world’s second-largest coffee producer and the undisputed king of Robusta beans. This high-caffeine bean is the backbone of the global instant coffee and espresso blend industries. While bulk green beans are the primary export, there is a strong push towards increasing the value of exports through domestic roasting and processing.
9. Fruits and Vegetables
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $5 – $6 Billion
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Key Products: Durian, dragon fruit, bananas, longan, and lychee.
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Primary Markets: China, United States, South Korea, Japan.
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Expert Analysis: This sector has seen explosive growth, particularly with the official export of fresh durian to the massive Chinese market. Vietnam’s tropical climate allows for the cultivation of a wide variety of fruits that are in high demand across Asia and increasingly, in Western markets. Investment in post-harvest technology is key to its continued growth.
10. Iron and Steel
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2024 Export Value: Approximately $8 – $10 Billion
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Key Products: Hot-rolled coil, construction steel, and galvanized steel sheets.
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Primary Markets: European Union, ASEAN countries, China.
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Expert Analysis: Vietnam has become a significant player in the global steel market, driven by large, modern steel mills like those operated by Hoa Phat Group and Formosa Ha Tinh Steel. The ability to produce high-quality steel at competitive prices has made it a key supplier for both regional and global construction and manufacturing industries.
Economic Impact and Development
When examining what does Vietnam exports, it’s clear these exports have been transformative for the country’s economy, driving growth and attracting substantial foreign investment. However, this rapid development has also sparked concerns about environmental sustainability. The sections below delve into these critical issues in detail.
Contribution to Economic Growth
Vietnam’s export sector plays a vital role in boosting the economy. Major categories include electronics, garments, and machinery. For instance, machinery exports saw a remarkable growth of 62.6% recently. This surge supports a steady GDP growth rate, predicted to reach 6.1% in 2024. The expansion of exports not only enhances industrial productivity but also creates numerous job opportunities, thereby improving living standards across the country.
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is pivotal for Vietnam’s economic development. The country attracts considerable FDI due to its competitive labor costs and favorable trade agreements. Sectors like manufacturing, electronics, and real estate are primary targets for investors. FDI contributes to technology transfer and advanced production practices, which further bolster export capacities. International partnerships enhance infrastructure, facilitating smooth trade operations and reinforcing Vietnam’s position in the global economy.
Environmental Considerations
The rapid expansion of Vietnam’s export sectors raises environmental concerns. Industrial activities contribute to pollution, affecting air and water quality. The government is increasingly focusing on sustainable practices to mitigate these impacts. Initiatives include enforcing stricter environmental regulations and promoting green technologies. Balancing economic growth with environmental protection is essential, ensuring long-term development without compromising the nation’s natural resources.
Future Outlook
The future of Vietnam’s exports looks promising. The government aims to diversify export markets and improve trade relations. With rising global demand, especially in technology and agricultural products, Vietnam is poised for continued growth. Efforts to upgrade infrastructure and invest in renewable energy are on the horizon. For businesses looking to engage with Vietnam, this presents lucrative opportunities for expansion and investment, ensuring a bright economic future.
Challenges and Considerations
Vietnam’s export sector faces several challenges, from regulatory hurdles to labor rights. Navigating these issues is crucial for businesses looking to engage with Vietnamese suppliers or export products such as refined petroleum, coal briquettes, and pharmaceuticals.
Trade Barriers and Regulations
Trade barriers, such as tariffs and complex regulations, pose significant challenges. Vietnamese businesses often encounter regulatory challenges that can impact their ability to export efficiently. Procedures for on-spot export and import are among the areas needing improvement, especially for products like nuclear reactors and boilers. Understanding these regulations is crucial for minimizing delays and costs. Businesses should consider consulting with legal experts to ensure compliance and optimized processes.
Intellectual Property Rights
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection in Vietnam remains a concern, especially for sectors producing goods like pharmaceuticals, toys, and games. While there has been progress in recent years, enforcement can still be inconsistent. Companies need to be vigilant in protecting their patents and trademarks. Careful management of IPR helps prevent counterfeit products from affecting brand reputation. Collaborating with local experts who understand the intricacies of Vietnam’s IPR laws can offer significant advantages.
Labor and Human Rights
Labor standards and human rights are critical issues in Vietnam, impacting industries like textiles and electronics that rely heavily on workforce. Compliance with international labor standards is important for maintaining a good business reputation. Ensuring fair wages and safe working conditions not only helps in ethical compliance but also improves productivity. Regular audits and collaborations with local NGOs can aid in upholding labor rights, making it integral to long-term business success.
Health and Safety Standards
Health and safety standards are vital, particularly for exports like manmade filaments and waxes. Ensuring compliance with international safety standards is crucial for access to global markets. Companies should prioritize rigorous testing and quality controls to maintain these standards. Engaging with certification bodies can provide assurance that products meet the necessary health requirements. Adherence to these standards minimizes risks and enhances trust with international buyers.
If you’re looking to connect with qualified suppliers in Vietnam, consider reaching out to VALO’s expert team to ensure that you engage with export-ready partners.
Conclusion: The Story of Vietnam’s Export Diversification
The answer to “what does Vietnam export?” tells a powerful story of economic transformation. The list is no longer dominated by low-value agricultural commodities. Instead, it showcases a sophisticated and diversified industrial base, led by a world-class electronics sector. The successful shift from traditional goods like textiles and coffee to high-value products like smartphones and machinery is the defining feature of Vietnam’s modern economy.
Living and working in Ho Chi Minh City, I see this economic dynamism every day—in the bustling ports, the new factories rising in industrial parks, and the ambition of local suppliers. The key challenge and opportunity for the next five years is not just about increasing export volume, but about increasing the value added within Vietnam. This means developing domestic supply chains for the electronics industry, investing further in R&D, and building truly global Vietnamese brands. The foundation is incredibly strong, and the trajectory for continued growth is clear.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Vietnam has established itself as a significant exporter, focusing on both agricultural and manufactured goods. Notable exports include electronics, textiles, and a variety of fruits, with key markets spread across the globe.
What are Vietnam’s top exports in recent years?
In recent years, Vietnam has seen a surge in exports such as broadcasting equipment and telephones. Machinery and electronic products have also significantly boosted their export profile.
Which countries are the primary recipients of Vietnam’s exports?
Vietnam primarily exports to the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, and several European countries. These nations receive a large share of goods like electronics, textiles, and agricultural products.
What agricultural products does Vietnam export the most?
Vietnam is known for exporting rice, coffee, and seafood such as shrimp and fish. The country also supplies a variety of fruits like fruits and nuts, which have been increasingly successful in international markets.
How have Vietnam’s exports changed over the past decade?
Over the past decade, Vietnam’s export economy has grown tremendously, from $236 billion in 2017 to $399 billion in 2022, becoming the 20th-largest exporter worldwide. This growth reflects the country’s diversification and increased global trade engagement.
What are the leading manufactured goods exported by Vietnam?
Leading the manufactured exports are integrated circuits and office machine parts. Other significant manufactured items include textiles and footwear, which continue to be in high demand globally.
What economic impact do exports have on Vietnam’s economy?
Exports play a critical role in Vietnam’s economic growth, accounting for a substantial portion of the GDP. The increase in exports has led to job creation and improved infrastructure, contributing to higher living standards across the country.
By connecting with qualified suppliers in Vietnam, you can explore business opportunities. Reach out to VALO’s expert team to find export-ready partners.